650 lines
23 KiB
Python
650 lines
23 KiB
Python
# -*- Mode: python; coding:utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*- */
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#
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#
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# Copyright 2012 David Strauss <david@davidstrauss.net>
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# Copyright 2012 Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <zbyszek@in.waw.pl>
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# Copyright 2012 Marti Raudsepp <marti@juffo.org>
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#
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# python-systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
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# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
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# (at your option) any later version.
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#
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# python-systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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# Lesser General Public License for more details.
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#
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# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
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# along with python-systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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from __future__ import division
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import sys as _sys
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import datetime as _datetime
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import uuid as _uuid
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import traceback as _traceback
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import os as _os
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import logging as _logging
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from syslog import (LOG_EMERG, LOG_ALERT, LOG_CRIT, LOG_ERR,
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LOG_WARNING, LOG_NOTICE, LOG_INFO, LOG_DEBUG)
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from ._journal import __version__, sendv, stream_fd
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from ._reader import (_Reader, NOP, APPEND, INVALIDATE,
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LOCAL_ONLY, RUNTIME_ONLY,
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SYSTEM, SYSTEM_ONLY, CURRENT_USER,
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OS_ROOT,
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_get_catalog)
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from . import id128 as _id128
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if _sys.version_info >= (3,):
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from ._reader import Monotonic
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else:
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Monotonic = tuple
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def _convert_monotonic(m):
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return Monotonic((_datetime.timedelta(microseconds=m[0]),
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_uuid.UUID(bytes=m[1])))
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def _convert_source_monotonic(s):
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return _datetime.timedelta(microseconds=int(s))
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try:
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_LOCAL_TIMEZONE = _datetime.datetime.now().astimezone().tzinfo
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except TypeError:
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_LOCAL_TIMEZONE = None
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def _convert_realtime(t):
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return _datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(t / 1000000, _LOCAL_TIMEZONE)
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def _convert_timestamp(s):
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return _datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(int(s) / 1000000, _LOCAL_TIMEZONE)
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def _convert_trivial(x):
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return x
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if _sys.version_info >= (3,):
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def _convert_uuid(s):
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return _uuid.UUID(s.decode())
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else:
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_convert_uuid = _uuid.UUID
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DEFAULT_CONVERTERS = {
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'MESSAGE_ID': _convert_uuid,
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'_MACHINE_ID': _convert_uuid,
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'_BOOT_ID': _convert_uuid,
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'PRIORITY': int,
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'LEADER': int,
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'SESSION_ID': int,
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'USERSPACE_USEC': int,
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'INITRD_USEC': int,
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'KERNEL_USEC': int,
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'_UID': int,
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'_GID': int,
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'_PID': int,
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'SYSLOG_FACILITY': int,
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'SYSLOG_PID': int,
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'_AUDIT_SESSION': int,
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'_AUDIT_LOGINUID': int,
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'_SYSTEMD_SESSION': int,
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'_SYSTEMD_OWNER_UID': int,
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'CODE_LINE': int,
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'ERRNO': int,
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'EXIT_STATUS': int,
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'_SOURCE_REALTIME_TIMESTAMP': _convert_timestamp,
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'__REALTIME_TIMESTAMP': _convert_realtime,
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'_SOURCE_MONOTONIC_TIMESTAMP': _convert_source_monotonic,
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'__MONOTONIC_TIMESTAMP': _convert_monotonic,
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'__CURSOR': _convert_trivial,
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'COREDUMP': bytes,
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'COREDUMP_PID': int,
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'COREDUMP_UID': int,
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'COREDUMP_GID': int,
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'COREDUMP_SESSION': int,
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'COREDUMP_SIGNAL': int,
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'COREDUMP_TIMESTAMP': _convert_timestamp,
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}
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_IDENT_CHARACTER = set('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRTSUVWXYZ_0123456789')
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def _valid_field_name(s):
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return not (set(s) - _IDENT_CHARACTER)
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class Reader(_Reader):
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"""Access systemd journal entries.
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Entries are subject to filtering and limits, see `add_match`, `this_boot`,
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`this_machine` functions and the `data_treshold` attribute.
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Note that in order to access the system journal, a non-root user must have
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the necessary privileges, see journalctl(1) for details. Unprivileged users
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can access only their own journal.
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Example usage to print out all informational or higher level messages for
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systemd-udevd for this boot:
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>>> from systemd import journal
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>>> j = journal.Reader()
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>>> j.this_boot()
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>>> j.log_level(journal.LOG_INFO)
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>>> j.add_match(_SYSTEMD_UNIT="systemd-udevd.service")
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>>> for entry in j: # doctest: +SKIP
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... print(entry['MESSAGE'])
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starting version ...
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See systemd.journal-fields(7) for more info on typical fields found in the
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journal.
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"""
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def __init__(self, flags=None, path=None, files=None, converters=None, namespace=None):
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"""Create a new Reader.
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Argument `flags` defines the open flags of the journal, which can be one
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of, or ORed combination of constants: LOCAL_ONLY (default) opens journal
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on local machine only; RUNTIME_ONLY opens only volatile journal files;
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and SYSTEM_ONLY opens only journal files of system services and the kernel.
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Argument `path` is the directory of journal files, either a file system
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path or a file descriptor. Specify `namespace` to read from specific journal
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namespace. Note that `flags`, `path`, `files` and `namespace` are exclusive.
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Argument `converters` is a dictionary which updates the
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DEFAULT_CONVERTERS to convert journal field values. Field names are used
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as keys into this dictionary. The values must be single argument
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functions, which take a `bytes` object and return a converted
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value. When there's no entry for a field name, then the default UTF-8
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decoding will be attempted. If the conversion fails with a ValueError,
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unconverted bytes object will be returned. (Note that ValueEror is a
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superclass of UnicodeDecodeError).
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Reader implements the context manager protocol: the journal will be
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closed when exiting the block.
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"""
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if flags is None:
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if path is None and files is None:
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# This mimics journalctl behaviour of default to local journal only
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flags = LOCAL_ONLY
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else:
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flags = 0
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super(Reader, self).__init__(flags, path, files, namespace)
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self.converters = DEFAULT_CONVERTERS.copy()
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if converters is not None:
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self.converters.update(converters)
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def _convert_field(self, key, value):
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"""Convert value using self.converters[key].
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If `key` is not present in self.converters, a standard unicode decoding
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will be attempted. If the conversion (either key-specific or the
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default one) fails with a ValueError, the original bytes object will be
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returned.
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"""
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convert = self.converters.get(key, bytes.decode)
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try:
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return convert(value)
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except ValueError:
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# Leave in default bytes
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return value
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def _convert_entry(self, entry):
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"""Convert entire journal entry utilising _convert_field."""
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result = {}
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for key, value in entry.items():
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if isinstance(value, list):
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result[key] = [self._convert_field(key, val) for val in value]
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else:
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result[key] = self._convert_field(key, value)
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return result
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def __iter__(self):
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"""Return self.
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Part of the iterator protocol.
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"""
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return self
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def __next__(self):
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"""Return the next entry in the journal.
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Returns self.get_next() or raises StopIteration.
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Part of the iterator protocol.
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"""
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ans = self.get_next()
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if ans:
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return ans
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else:
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raise StopIteration()
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if _sys.version_info < (3,):
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next = __next__
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def add_match(self, *args, **kwargs):
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"""Add one or more matches to the filter journal log entries.
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All matches of different field are combined with logical AND, and
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matches of the same field are automatically combined with logical OR.
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Matches can be passed as strings of form "FIELD=value", or keyword
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arguments FIELD="value".
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"""
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args = list(args)
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args.extend(_make_line(key, val) for key, val in kwargs.items())
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for arg in args:
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super(Reader, self).add_match(arg)
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def get_next(self, skip=1):
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r"""Return the next log entry as a dictionary.
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Entries will be processed with converters specified during Reader
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creation.
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Optional `skip` value will return the `skip`-th log entry.
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Currently a standard dictionary of fields is returned, but in the
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future this might be changed to a different mapping type, so the
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calling code should not make assumptions about a specific type.
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"""
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if super(Reader, self)._next(skip):
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entry = super(Reader, self)._get_all()
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if entry:
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entry['__REALTIME_TIMESTAMP'] = self._get_realtime()
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entry['__MONOTONIC_TIMESTAMP'] = self._get_monotonic()
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entry['__CURSOR'] = self._get_cursor()
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return self._convert_entry(entry)
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return dict()
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def get_previous(self, skip=1):
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r"""Return the previous log entry.
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Equivalent to get_next(-skip).
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Optional `skip` value will return the -`skip`-th log entry.
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Entries will be processed with converters specified during Reader
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creation.
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Currently a standard dictionary of fields is returned, but in the
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future this might be changed to a different mapping type, so the
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calling code should not make assumptions about a specific type.
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"""
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return self.get_next(-skip)
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def query_unique(self, field):
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"""Return a list of unique values appearing in the journal for the given
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`field`.
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Note this does not respect any journal matches.
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Entries will be processed with converters specified during
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Reader creation.
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"""
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return set(self._convert_field(field, value)
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for value in super(Reader, self).query_unique(field))
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def wait(self, timeout=None):
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"""Wait for a change in the journal.
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`timeout` is the maximum time in seconds to wait, or None which
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means to wait forever.
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Returns one of NOP (no change), APPEND (new entries have been added to
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the end of the journal), or INVALIDATE (journal files have been added or
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removed).
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"""
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us = -1 if timeout is None else int(timeout * 1000000)
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return super(Reader, self).wait(us)
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def seek_realtime(self, realtime):
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"""Seek to a matching journal entry nearest to `timestamp` time.
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Argument `realtime` must be either an integer UNIX timestamp (in
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microseconds since the beginning of the UNIX epoch), or an float UNIX
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timestamp (in seconds since the beginning of the UNIX epoch), or a
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datetime.datetime instance. The integer form is deprecated.
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>>> import time
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>>> from systemd import journal
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>>> yesterday = time.time() - 24 * 60**2
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>>> j = journal.Reader()
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>>> j.seek_realtime(yesterday)
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"""
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if isinstance(realtime, _datetime.datetime):
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try:
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realtime = realtime.astimezone()
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except TypeError:
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# With python2: Required argument 'tz' (pos 1) not found
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pass
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realtime = int(float(realtime.strftime("%s.%f")) * 1000000)
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elif not isinstance(realtime, int):
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realtime = int(realtime * 1000000)
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return super(Reader, self).seek_realtime(realtime)
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def get_start(self):
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start = super(Reader, self)._get_start()
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return _convert_realtime(start)
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def get_end(self):
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end = super(Reader, self)._get_end()
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return _convert_realtime(end)
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def seek_monotonic(self, monotonic, bootid=None):
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"""Seek to a matching journal entry nearest to `monotonic` time.
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Argument `monotonic` is a timestamp from boot in either seconds or a
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datetime.timedelta instance. Argument `bootid` is a string or UUID
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representing which boot the monotonic time is reference to. Defaults to
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current bootid.
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"""
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if isinstance(monotonic, _datetime.timedelta):
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monotonic = monotonic.total_seconds()
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monotonic = int(monotonic * 1000000)
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if isinstance(bootid, _uuid.UUID):
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bootid = bootid.hex
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return super(Reader, self).seek_monotonic(monotonic, bootid)
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def log_level(self, level):
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"""Set maximum log `level` by setting matches for PRIORITY.
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"""
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if 0 <= level <= 7:
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for i in range(level+1):
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self.add_match(PRIORITY="%d" % i)
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else:
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raise ValueError("Log level must be 0 <= level <= 7")
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def messageid_match(self, messageid):
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"""Add match for log entries with specified `messageid`.
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`messageid` can be string of hexadicimal digits or a UUID
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instance. Standard message IDs can be found in systemd.id128.
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Equivalent to add_match(MESSAGE_ID=`messageid`).
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"""
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if isinstance(messageid, _uuid.UUID):
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messageid = messageid.hex
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self.add_match(MESSAGE_ID=messageid)
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def this_boot(self, bootid=None):
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"""Add match for _BOOT_ID for current boot or the specified boot ID.
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If specified, bootid should be either a UUID or a 32 digit hex number.
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Equivalent to add_match(_BOOT_ID='bootid').
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"""
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if bootid is None:
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bootid = _id128.get_boot().hex
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else:
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bootid = getattr(bootid, 'hex', bootid)
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self.add_match(_BOOT_ID=bootid)
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def this_machine(self, machineid=None):
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"""Add match for _MACHINE_ID equal to the ID of this machine.
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If specified, machineid should be either a UUID or a 32 digit hex
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number.
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Equivalent to add_match(_MACHINE_ID='machineid').
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"""
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if machineid is None:
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machineid = _id128.get_machine().hex
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else:
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machineid = getattr(machineid, 'hex', machineid)
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self.add_match(_MACHINE_ID=machineid)
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def get_catalog(mid):
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"""Return catalog entry for the specified ID.
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`mid` should be either a UUID or a 32 digit hex number.
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"""
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if isinstance(mid, _uuid.UUID):
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mid = mid.hex
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return _get_catalog(mid)
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def _make_line(field, value):
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if isinstance(value, bytes):
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return field.encode('utf-8') + b'=' + value
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elif isinstance(value, str):
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return field + '=' + value
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else:
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return field + '=' + str(value)
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def send(MESSAGE, MESSAGE_ID=None,
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CODE_FILE=None, CODE_LINE=None, CODE_FUNC=None,
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**kwargs):
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r"""Send a message to the journal.
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>>> from systemd import journal
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>>> journal.send('Hello world')
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>>> journal.send('Hello, again, world', FIELD2='Greetings!')
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>>> journal.send('Binary message', BINARY=b'\xde\xad\xbe\xef')
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Value of the MESSAGE argument will be used for the MESSAGE= field. MESSAGE
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must be a string and will be sent as UTF-8 to the journal.
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MESSAGE_ID can be given to uniquely identify the type of message. It must be
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a string or a uuid.UUID object.
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CODE_LINE, CODE_FILE, and CODE_FUNC can be specified to identify the caller.
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Unless at least on of the three is given, values are extracted from the
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stack frame of the caller of send(). CODE_FILE and CODE_FUNC must be
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strings, CODE_LINE must be an integer.
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Additional fields for the journal entry can only be specified as keyword
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arguments. The payload can be either a string or bytes. A string will be
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sent as UTF-8, and bytes will be sent as-is to the journal.
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Other useful fields include PRIORITY, SYSLOG_FACILITY, SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER,
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SYSLOG_PID.
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"""
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args = ['MESSAGE=' + MESSAGE]
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if MESSAGE_ID is not None:
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id = getattr(MESSAGE_ID, 'hex', MESSAGE_ID)
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args.append('MESSAGE_ID=' + id)
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if CODE_LINE is CODE_FILE is CODE_FUNC is None:
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CODE_FILE, CODE_LINE, CODE_FUNC = _traceback.extract_stack(limit=2)[0][:3]
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if CODE_FILE is not None:
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args.append('CODE_FILE=' + CODE_FILE)
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if CODE_LINE is not None:
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args.append('CODE_LINE={:d}'.format(CODE_LINE))
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if CODE_FUNC is not None:
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args.append('CODE_FUNC=' + CODE_FUNC)
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args.extend(_make_line(key, val) for key, val in kwargs.items())
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return sendv(*args)
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def stream(identifier=None, priority=LOG_INFO, level_prefix=False):
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r"""Return a file object wrapping a stream to journal.
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Log messages written to this file as simple newline sepearted text strings
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are written to the journal.
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The file will be line buffered, so messages are actually sent after a
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newline character is written.
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>>> from systemd import journal
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>>> stream = journal.stream('myapp') # doctest: +SKIP
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>>> res = stream.write('message...\n') # doctest: +SKIP
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will produce the following message in the journal::
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PRIORITY=7
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SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER=myapp
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MESSAGE=message...
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If identifier is None, a suitable default based on sys.argv[0] will be used.
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This interface can be used conveniently with the print function:
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>>> from __future__ import print_function
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>>> stream = journal.stream() # doctest: +SKIP
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>>> print('message...', file=stream) # doctest: +SKIP
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priority is the syslog priority, one of `LOG_EMERG`, `LOG_ALERT`,
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`LOG_CRIT`, `LOG_ERR`, `LOG_WARNING`, `LOG_NOTICE`, `LOG_INFO`, `LOG_DEBUG`.
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level_prefix is a boolean. If true, kernel-style log priority level prefixes
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(such as '<1>') are interpreted. See sd-daemon(3) for more information.
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"""
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if identifier is None:
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if not _sys.argv or not _sys.argv[0] or _sys.argv[0] == '-c':
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identifier = 'python'
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else:
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identifier = _sys.argv[0]
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fd = stream_fd(identifier, priority, level_prefix)
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return _os.fdopen(fd, 'w', 1)
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class JournalHandler(_logging.Handler):
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"""Journal handler class for the Python logging framework.
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Please see the Python logging module documentation for an overview:
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http://docs.python.org/library/logging.html.
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To create a custom logger whose messages go only to journal:
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>>> import logging
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>>> log = logging.getLogger('custom_logger_name')
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>>> log.propagate = False
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>>> log.addHandler(JournalHandler())
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>>> log.warning("Some message: %s", 'detail')
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Note that by default, message levels `INFO` and `DEBUG` are ignored by the
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logging framework. To enable those log levels:
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>>> log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
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To redirect all logging messages to journal regardless of where they come
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from, attach it to the root logger:
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>>> logging.root.addHandler(JournalHandler())
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For more complex configurations when using `dictConfig` or `fileConfig`,
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specify `systemd.journal.JournalHandler` as the handler class. Only
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standard handler configuration options are supported: `level`, `formatter`,
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`filters`.
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To attach journal MESSAGE_ID, an extra field is supported:
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>>> import uuid
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>>> mid = uuid.UUID('0123456789ABCDEF0123456789ABCDEF')
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>>> log.warning("Message with ID", extra={'MESSAGE_ID': mid})
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Fields to be attached to all messages sent through this handler can be
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specified as keyword arguments. This probably makes sense only for
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SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER and similar fields which are constant for the whole
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program:
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>>> JournalHandler(SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER='my-cool-app')
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<...JournalHandler ...>
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The following journal fields will be sent: `MESSAGE`, `PRIORITY`,
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`THREAD_NAME`, `CODE_FILE`, `CODE_LINE`, `CODE_FUNC`, `LOGGER` (name as
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supplied to getLogger call), `MESSAGE_ID` (optional, see above),
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`SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER` (defaults to sys.argv[0]).
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The function used to actually send messages can be overridden using
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the `sender_function` parameter.
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"""
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def __init__(self, level=_logging.NOTSET, sender_function=send, **kwargs):
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super(JournalHandler, self).__init__(level)
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for name in kwargs:
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if not _valid_field_name(name):
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raise ValueError('Invalid field name: ' + name)
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if 'SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER' not in kwargs:
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kwargs['SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER'] = _sys.argv[0]
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self.send = sender_function
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self._extra = kwargs
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@classmethod
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def with_args(cls, config=None):
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"""Create a JournalHandler with a configuration dictionary
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This creates a JournalHandler instance, but accepts the parameters through
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a dictionary that can be specified as a positional argument. This is useful
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in contexts like logging.config.fileConfig, where the syntax does not allow
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for positional arguments.
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>>> JournalHandler.with_args({'SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER':'my-cool-app'})
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<...JournalHandler ...>
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"""
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return cls(**(config or {}))
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def emit(self, record):
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"""Write `record` as a journal event.
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MESSAGE is taken from the message provided by the user, and PRIORITY,
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LOGGER, THREAD_NAME, CODE_{FILE,LINE,FUNC} fields are appended
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automatically. In addition, record.MESSAGE_ID will be used if present.
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"""
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try:
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msg = self.format(record)
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pri = self.map_priority(record.levelno)
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# defaults
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extras = self._extra.copy()
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# higher priority
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if record.exc_text:
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extras['EXCEPTION_TEXT'] = record.exc_text
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if record.exc_info:
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extras['EXCEPTION_INFO'] = record.exc_info
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if record.args:
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extras['CODE_ARGS'] = str(record.args)
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# explicit arguments — highest priority
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extras.update(record.__dict__)
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self.send(msg,
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PRIORITY=format(pri),
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LOGGER=record.name,
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THREAD_NAME=record.threadName,
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PROCESS_NAME=record.processName,
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CODE_FILE=record.pathname,
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CODE_LINE=record.lineno,
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CODE_FUNC=record.funcName,
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**extras)
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except Exception:
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self.handleError(record)
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@staticmethod
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def map_priority(levelno):
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"""Map logging levels to journald priorities.
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Since Python log level numbers are "sparse", we have to map numbers in
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between the standard levels too.
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"""
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if levelno <= _logging.DEBUG:
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return LOG_DEBUG
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elif levelno <= _logging.INFO:
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return LOG_INFO
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elif levelno <= _logging.WARNING:
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return LOG_WARNING
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elif levelno <= _logging.ERROR:
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return LOG_ERR
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elif levelno <= _logging.CRITICAL:
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return LOG_CRIT
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else:
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return LOG_ALERT
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mapPriority = map_priority
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