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<section id="boot-devices-on-s390x">
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<h1>Boot devices on s390x<a class="headerlink" href="#boot-devices-on-s390x" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
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<section id="booting-with-bootindex-parameter">
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<h2>Booting with bootindex parameter<a class="headerlink" href="#booting-with-bootindex-parameter" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
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<p>For classical mainframe guests (i.e. LPAR or z/VM installations), you always
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have to explicitly specify the disk where you want to boot from (or “IPL” from,
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in s390x-speak – IPL means “Initial Program Load”).</p>
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<p>So for booting an s390x guest in QEMU, you should always mark the
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device where you want to boot from with the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bootindex</span></code> property, for
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example:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">qemu</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">system</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">s390x</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">drive</span> <span class="k">if</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">none</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">dr1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">file</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">guest</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">qcow2</span> \
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<span class="o">-</span><span class="n">device</span> <span class="n">virtio</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">blk</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">drive</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">dr1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">bootindex</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>Multiple devices may have a bootindex. The lowest bootindex is assigned to the
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device to IPL first. If the IPL fails for the first, the device with the second
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lowest bootindex will be tried and so on until IPL is successful or there are no
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remaining boot devices to try.</p>
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<p>For booting from a CD-ROM ISO image (which needs to include El-Torito boot
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information in order to be bootable), it is recommended to specify a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">scsi-cd</span></code>
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device, for example like this:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">qemu</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">system</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">s390x</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">blockdev</span> <span class="n">file</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">filename</span><span class="o">=...</span> \
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<span class="o">-</span><span class="n">device</span> <span class="n">virtio</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">scsi</span> \
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<span class="o">-</span><span class="n">device</span> <span class="n">scsi</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">cd</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">drive</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">bootindex</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>Note that you really have to use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bootindex</span></code> property to select the
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boot device. The old-fashioned <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-boot</span> <span class="pre">order=...</span></code> command of QEMU (and
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also <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-boot</span> <span class="pre">once=...</span></code>) is not supported on s390x.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="booting-without-bootindex-parameter">
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<h2>Booting without bootindex parameter<a class="headerlink" href="#booting-without-bootindex-parameter" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
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<p>The QEMU guest firmware (the so-called s390-ccw bios) has also some rudimentary
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support for scanning through the available block devices. So in case you did
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not specify a boot device with the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bootindex</span></code> property, there is still a
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chance that it finds a bootable device on its own and starts a guest operating
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system from it. However, this scanning algorithm is still very rough and may
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be incomplete, so that it might fail to detect a bootable device in many cases.
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It is really recommended to always specify the boot device with the
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bootindex</span></code> property instead.</p>
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<p>This also means that you should avoid the classical short-cut commands like
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-hda</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-cdrom</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-drive</span> <span class="pre">if=virtio</span></code>, since it is not possible to
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specify the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bootindex</span></code> with these commands. Note that the convenience
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-cdrom</span></code> option even does not give you a real (virtio-scsi) CD-ROM device on
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s390x. Due to technical limitations in the QEMU code base, you will get a
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virtio-blk device with this parameter instead, which might not be the right
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device type for installing a Linux distribution via ISO image. It is
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recommended to specify a CD-ROM device via <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-device</span> <span class="pre">scsi-cd</span></code> (as mentioned
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above) instead.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="selecting-kernels-with-the-loadparm-property">
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<h2>Selecting kernels with the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loadparm</span></code> property<a class="headerlink" href="#selecting-kernels-with-the-loadparm-property" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
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<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">s390-ccw-virtio</span></code> machine supports the so-called <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loadparm</span></code> parameter
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which can be used to select the kernel on the disk of the guest that the
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s390-ccw bios should boot. When starting QEMU, it can be specified like this:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">qemu</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">system</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">s390x</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">machine</span> <span class="n">s390</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">ccw</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">virtio</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">loadparm</span><span class="o">=<</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="o">></span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>The first way to use this parameter is to use the word <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PROMPT</span></code> as the
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre"><string></span></code> here. In that case the s390-ccw bios will show a list of
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||
installed kernels on the disk of the guest and ask the user to enter a number
|
||
to chose which kernel should be booted – similar to what can be achieved by
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||
specifying the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-boot</span> <span class="pre">menu=on</span></code> option when starting QEMU. Note that the menu
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list will only show the names of the installed kernels when using a DASD-like
|
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disk image with 4k byte sectors. On normal SCSI-style disks with 512-byte
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sectors, there is not enough space for the zipl loader on the disk to store
|
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the kernel names, so you only get a list without names here.</p>
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<p>The second way to use this parameter is to use a number in the range from 0
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||
to 31. The numbers that can be used here correspond to the numbers that are
|
||
shown when using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PROMPT</span></code> option, and the s390-ccw bios will then try
|
||
to automatically boot the kernel that is associated with the given number.
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Note that <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> can be used to boot the default entry.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="booting-from-a-network-device">
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<h2>Booting from a network device<a class="headerlink" href="#booting-from-a-network-device" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
|
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<p>The firmware that ships with QEMU includes a small TFTP network bootloader
|
||
for virtio-net-ccw devices. The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bootindex</span></code> property is especially
|
||
important for booting via the network. If you don’t specify the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bootindex</span></code>
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property here, the network bootloader won’t be taken into consideration and
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||
the network boot will fail. For a successful network boot, try something
|
||
like this:</p>
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||
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">qemu</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">system</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">s390x</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">netdev</span> <span class="n">user</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">n1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">tftp</span><span class="o">=...</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">bootfile</span><span class="o">=...</span> \
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<span class="o">-</span><span class="n">device</span> <span class="n">virtio</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">net</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">ccw</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">netdev</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">n1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">bootindex</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>The network bootloader also has basic support for pxelinux.cfg-style
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configuration files. See the <a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.syslinux.org/wiki/index.php?title=PXELINUX#Configuration">PXELINUX Configuration page</a>
|
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for details how to set up the configuration file on your TFTP server.
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The supported configuration file entries are <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DEFAULT</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LABEL</span></code>,
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KERNEL</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INITRD</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">APPEND</span></code> (see the <a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.syslinux.org/wiki/index.php?title=Config">Syslinux Config file syntax</a> for more
|
||
information).</p>
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</section>
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</section>
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