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<section id="risc-v-system-emulator">
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<span id="id1"></span><h1>RISC-V System emulator<a class="headerlink" href="#risc-v-system-emulator" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
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<p>QEMU can emulate both 32-bit and 64-bit RISC-V CPUs. Use the
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">qemu-system-riscv64</span></code> executable to simulate a 64-bit RISC-V machine,
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">qemu-system-riscv32</span></code> executable to simulate a 32-bit RISC-V machine.</p>
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<p>QEMU has generally good support for RISC-V guests. It has support for
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several different machines. The reason we support so many is that
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RISC-V hardware is much more widely varying than x86 hardware. RISC-V
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CPUs are generally built into “system-on-chip” (SoC) designs created by
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many different companies with different devices, and these SoCs are
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then built into machines which can vary still further even if they use
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the same SoC.</p>
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<p>For most boards the CPU type is fixed (matching what the hardware has),
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so typically you don’t need to specify the CPU type by hand, except for
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special cases like the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">virt</span></code> board.</p>
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<section id="choosing-a-board-model">
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<h2>Choosing a board model<a class="headerlink" href="#choosing-a-board-model" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
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<p>For QEMU’s RISC-V system emulation, you must specify which board
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model you want to use with the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-M</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--machine</span></code> option;
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there is no default.</p>
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<p>Because RISC-V systems differ so much and in fundamental ways, typically
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operating system or firmware images intended to run on one machine
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will not run at all on any other. This is often surprising for new
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users who are used to the x86 world where every system looks like a
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standard PC. (Once the kernel has booted, most user space software
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cares much less about the detail of the hardware.)</p>
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<p>If you already have a system image or a kernel that works on hardware
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and you want to boot with QEMU, check whether QEMU lists that machine
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in its <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-machine</span> <span class="pre">help</span></code> output. If it is listed, then you can probably
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use that board model. If it is not listed, then unfortunately your image
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will almost certainly not boot on QEMU. (You might be able to
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extract the file system and use that with a different kernel which
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boots on a system that QEMU does emulate.)</p>
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<p>If you don’t care about reproducing the idiosyncrasies of a particular
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bit of hardware, such as small amount of RAM, no PCI or other hard
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disk, etc., and just want to run Linux, the best option is to use the
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">virt</span></code> board. This is a platform which doesn’t correspond to any
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real hardware and is designed for use in virtual machines. You’ll
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need to compile Linux with a suitable configuration for running on
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the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">virt</span></code> board. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">virt</span></code> supports PCI, virtio, recent CPUs and
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large amounts of RAM. It also supports 64-bit CPUs.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="board-specific-documentation">
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<h2>Board-specific documentation<a class="headerlink" href="#board-specific-documentation" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
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<p>Unfortunately many of the RISC-V boards QEMU supports are currently
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undocumented; you can get a complete list by running
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">qemu-system-riscv64</span> <span class="pre">--machine</span> <span class="pre">help</span></code>, or
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">qemu-system-riscv32</span> <span class="pre">--machine</span> <span class="pre">help</span></code>.</p>
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<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="riscv/microchip-icicle-kit.html">Microchip PolarFire SoC Icicle Kit (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">microchip-icicle-kit</span></code>)</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="riscv/shakti-c.html">Shakti C Reference Platform (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">shakti_c</span></code>)</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="riscv/sifive_u.html">SiFive HiFive Unleashed (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sifive_u</span></code>)</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="riscv/virt.html">‘virt’ Generic Virtual Platform (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">virt</span></code>)</a></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</section>
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<section id="risc-v-cpu-firmware">
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<h2>RISC-V CPU firmware<a class="headerlink" href="#risc-v-cpu-firmware" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
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<p>When using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sifive_u</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">virt</span></code> machine there are three different
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firmware boot options:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-bios</span> <span class="pre">default</span></code></p></li>
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</ul>
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<p>This is the default behaviour if no <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-bios</span></code> option is included. This option
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will load the default OpenSBI firmware automatically. The firmware is included
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with the QEMU release and no user interaction is required. All a user needs to
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do is specify the kernel they want to boot with the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-kernel</span></code> option</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-bios</span> <span class="pre">none</span></code></p></li>
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</ul>
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<p>QEMU will not automatically load any firmware. It is up to the user to load all
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the images they need.</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-bios</span> <span class="pre"><file></span></code></p></li>
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</ul>
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<p>Tells QEMU to load the specified file as the firmware.</p>
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</section>
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</section>
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<p>This documentation is for QEMU version 8.2.2.</p>
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<p><a href="../about/license.html">QEMU and this manual are released under the
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