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<section id="powernv-family-boards-powernv8-powernv9-powernv10">
<h1>PowerNV family boards (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">powernv8</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">powernv9</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">powernv10</span></code>)<a class="headerlink" href="#powernv-family-boards-powernv8-powernv9-powernv10" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
<p>PowerNV (as Non-Virtualized) is the “bare metal” platform using the
OPAL firmware. It runs Linux on IBM and OpenPOWER systems and it can
be used as an hypervisor OS, running KVM guests, or simply as a host
OS.</p>
<p>The PowerNV QEMU machine tries to emulate a PowerNV system at the
level of the skiboot firmware, which loads the OS and provides some
runtime services. Power Systems have a lower firmware (HostBoot) that
does low level system initialization, like DRAM training. This is
beyond the scope of what QEMU addresses today.</p>
<section id="supported-devices">
<h2>Supported devices<a class="headerlink" href="#supported-devices" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<blockquote>
<div><ul class="simple">
<li><p>Multi processor support for POWER8, POWER8NVL and POWER9.</p></li>
<li><p>XSCOM, serial communication sideband bus to configure chiplets.</p></li>
<li><p>Simple LPC Controller.</p></li>
<li><p>Processor Service Interface (PSI) Controller.</p></li>
<li><p>Interrupt Controller, XICS (POWER8) and XIVE (POWER9) and XIVE2 (Power10).</p></li>
<li><p>POWER8 PHB3 PCIe Host bridge and POWER9 PHB4 PCIe Host bridge.</p></li>
<li><p>Simple OCC is an on-chip micro-controller used for power management tasks.</p></li>
<li><p>iBT device to handle BMC communication, with the internal BMC simulator
provided by QEMU or an external BMC such as an Aspeed QEMU machine.</p></li>
<li><p>PNOR containing the different firmware partitions.</p></li>
</ul>
</div></blockquote>
</section>
<section id="missing-devices">
<h2>Missing devices<a class="headerlink" href="#missing-devices" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>A lot is missing, among which :</p>
<blockquote>
<div><ul class="simple">
<li><p>I2C controllers (yet to be merged).</p></li>
<li><p>NPU/NPU2/NPU3 controllers.</p></li>
<li><p>EEH support for PCIe Host bridge controllers.</p></li>
<li><p>NX controller.</p></li>
<li><p>VAS controller.</p></li>
<li><p>chipTOD (Time Of Day).</p></li>
<li><p>Self Boot Engine (SBE).</p></li>
<li><p>FSI bus.</p></li>
</ul>
</div></blockquote>
</section>
<section id="firmware">
<h2>Firmware<a class="headerlink" href="#firmware" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>The OPAL firmware (OpenPower Abstraction Layer) for OpenPower systems
includes the runtime services <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">skiboot</span></code> and the bootloader kernel and
initramfs <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">skiroot</span></code>. Source code can be found on the <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/open-power">OpenPOWER account at
GitHub</a>.</p>
<p>Prebuilt images of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">skiboot</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">skiroot</span></code> are made available on the
<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/open-power/op-build/releases/">OpenPOWER</a> site.</p>
<p>QEMU includes a prebuilt image of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">skiboot</span></code> which is updated when a
more recent version is required by the models.</p>
</section>
<section id="current-acceleration-status">
<h2>Current acceleration status<a class="headerlink" href="#current-acceleration-status" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>KVM acceleration in Linux Power hosts is provided by the kvm-hv and
kvm-pr modules. kvm-hv is adherent to PAPR and it’s not compliant with
powernv. kvm-pr in theory could be used as a valid accel option but
this isn’t supported by kvm-pr at this moment.</p>
<p>To spare users from dealing with not so informative errors when attempting
to use accel=kvm, the powernv machine will throw an error informing that
KVM is not supported. This can be revisited in the future if kvm-pr (or
any other KVM alternative) is usable as KVM accel for this machine.</p>
</section>
<section id="boot-options">
<h2>Boot options<a class="headerlink" href="#boot-options" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Here is a simple setup with one e1000e NIC :</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$<span class="w"> </span>qemu-system-ppc64<span class="w"> </span>-m<span class="w"> </span>2G<span class="w"> </span>-machine<span class="w"> </span>powernv9<span class="w"> </span>-smp<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span>,cores<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">2</span>,threads<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
-accel<span class="w"> </span>tcg,thread<span class="o">=</span>single<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
-device<span class="w"> </span>e1000e,netdev<span class="o">=</span>net0,mac<span class="o">=</span>C0:FF:EE:00:00:02,bus<span class="o">=</span>pcie.0,addr<span class="o">=</span>0x0<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
-netdev<span class="w"> </span>user,id<span class="o">=</span>net0,hostfwd<span class="o">=</span>::20022-:22,hostname<span class="o">=</span>pnv<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
-kernel<span class="w"> </span>./zImage.epapr<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
-initrd<span class="w"> </span>./rootfs.cpio.xz<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
-nographic
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>and a SATA disk :</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>-device<span class="w"> </span>ich9-ahci,id<span class="o">=</span>sata0,bus<span class="o">=</span>pcie.1,addr<span class="o">=</span>0x0<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
-drive<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">file</span><span class="o">=</span>./ubuntu-ppc64le.qcow2,if<span class="o">=</span>none,id<span class="o">=</span>drive0,format<span class="o">=</span>qcow2,cache<span class="o">=</span>none<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
-device<span class="w"> </span>ide-hd,bus<span class="o">=</span>sata0.0,unit<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">0</span>,drive<span class="o">=</span>drive0,id<span class="o">=</span>ide,bootindex<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<section id="complex-pcie-configuration">
<h3>Complex PCIe configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#complex-pcie-configuration" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>Six PHBs are defined per chip (POWER9) but no default PCI layout is
provided (to be compatible with libvirt). One PCI device can be added
on any of the available PCIe slots using command line options such as:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>-device<span class="w"> </span>e1000e,netdev<span class="o">=</span>net0,mac<span class="o">=</span>C0:FF:EE:00:00:02,bus<span class="o">=</span>pcie.0,addr<span class="o">=</span>0x0
-netdev<span class="w"> </span>bridge,id<span class="o">=</span>net0,helper<span class="o">=</span>/usr/libexec/qemu-bridge-helper,br<span class="o">=</span>virbr0,id<span class="o">=</span>hostnet0
-device<span class="w"> </span>megasas,id<span class="o">=</span>scsi0,bus<span class="o">=</span>pcie.0,addr<span class="o">=</span>0x0
-drive<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">file</span><span class="o">=</span>./ubuntu-ppc64le.qcow2,if<span class="o">=</span>none,id<span class="o">=</span>drive-scsi0-0-0-0,format<span class="o">=</span>qcow2,cache<span class="o">=</span>none
-device<span class="w"> </span>scsi-hd,bus<span class="o">=</span>scsi0.0,channel<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">0</span>,scsi-id<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">0</span>,lun<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">0</span>,drive<span class="o">=</span>drive-scsi0-0-0-0,id<span class="o">=</span>scsi0-0-0-0,bootindex<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">2</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Here is a full example with two different storage controllers on
different PHBs, each with a disk, the second PHB is empty :</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$<span class="w"> </span>qemu-system-ppc64<span class="w"> </span>-m<span class="w"> </span>2G<span class="w"> </span>-machine<span class="w"> </span>powernv9<span class="w"> </span>-smp<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span>,cores<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">2</span>,threads<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span>-accel<span class="w"> </span>tcg,thread<span class="o">=</span>single<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
-kernel<span class="w"> </span>./zImage.epapr<span class="w"> </span>-initrd<span class="w"> </span>./rootfs.cpio.xz<span class="w"> </span>-bios<span class="w"> </span>./skiboot.lid<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
<span class="se">\</span>
-device<span class="w"> </span>megasas,id<span class="o">=</span>scsi0,bus<span class="o">=</span>pcie.0,addr<span class="o">=</span>0x0<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
-drive<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">file</span><span class="o">=</span>./rhel7-ppc64le.qcow2,if<span class="o">=</span>none,id<span class="o">=</span>drive-scsi0-0-0-0,format<span class="o">=</span>qcow2,cache<span class="o">=</span>none<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
-device<span class="w"> </span>scsi-hd,bus<span class="o">=</span>scsi0.0,channel<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">0</span>,scsi-id<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">0</span>,lun<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">0</span>,drive<span class="o">=</span>drive-scsi0-0-0-0,id<span class="o">=</span>scsi0-0-0-0,bootindex<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
<span class="se">\</span>
-device<span class="w"> </span>pcie-pci-bridge,id<span class="o">=</span>bridge1,bus<span class="o">=</span>pcie.1,addr<span class="o">=</span>0x0<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
<span class="se">\</span>
-device<span class="w"> </span>ich9-ahci,id<span class="o">=</span>sata0,bus<span class="o">=</span>bridge1,addr<span class="o">=</span>0x1<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
-drive<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">file</span><span class="o">=</span>./ubuntu-ppc64le.qcow2,if<span class="o">=</span>none,id<span class="o">=</span>drive0,format<span class="o">=</span>qcow2,cache<span class="o">=</span>none<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
-device<span class="w"> </span>ide-hd,bus<span class="o">=</span>sata0.0,unit<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">0</span>,drive<span class="o">=</span>drive0,id<span class="o">=</span>ide,bootindex<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
-device<span class="w"> </span>e1000e,netdev<span class="o">=</span>net0,mac<span class="o">=</span>C0:FF:EE:00:00:02,bus<span class="o">=</span>bridge1,addr<span class="o">=</span>0x2<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
-netdev<span class="w"> </span>bridge,helper<span class="o">=</span>/usr/libexec/qemu-bridge-helper,br<span class="o">=</span>virbr0,id<span class="o">=</span>net0<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
-device<span class="w"> </span>nec-usb-xhci,bus<span class="o">=</span>bridge1,addr<span class="o">=</span>0x7<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
<span class="se">\</span>
-serial<span class="w"> </span>mon:stdio<span class="w"> </span>-nographic
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can also use VIRTIO devices :</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>-drive<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">file</span><span class="o">=</span>./fedora-ppc64le.qcow2,if<span class="o">=</span>none,snapshot<span class="o">=</span>on,id<span class="o">=</span>drive0<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
-device<span class="w"> </span>virtio-blk-pci,drive<span class="o">=</span>drive0,id<span class="o">=</span>blk0,bus<span class="o">=</span>pcie.0<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
<span class="se">\</span>
-netdev<span class="w"> </span>tap,helper<span class="o">=</span>/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper,br<span class="o">=</span>virbr0,id<span class="o">=</span>netdev0<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
-device<span class="w"> </span>virtio-net-pci,netdev<span class="o">=</span>netdev0,id<span class="o">=</span>net0,bus<span class="o">=</span>pcie.1<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
<span class="se">\</span>
-fsdev<span class="w"> </span>local,id<span class="o">=</span>fsdev0,path<span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$HOME</span>,security_model<span class="o">=</span>passthrough<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
-device<span class="w"> </span>virtio-9p-pci,fsdev<span class="o">=</span>fsdev0,mount_tag<span class="o">=</span>host,bus<span class="o">=</span>pcie.2
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="multi-sockets">
<h3>Multi sockets<a class="headerlink" href="#multi-sockets" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>The number of sockets is deduced from the number of CPUs and the
number of cores. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-smp</span> <span class="pre">2,cores=1</span></code> will define a machine with 2
sockets of 1 core, whereas <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-smp</span> <span class="pre">2,cores=2</span></code> will define a machine
with 1 socket of 2 cores. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-smp</span> <span class="pre">8,cores=2</span></code>, 4 sockets of 2 cores.</p>
</section>
<section id="bmc-configuration">
<h3>BMC configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#bmc-configuration" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>OpenPOWER systems negotiate the shutdown and reboot with their
BMC. The QEMU PowerNV machine embeds an IPMI BMC simulator using the
iBT interface and should offer the same power features.</p>
<p>If you want to define your own BMC, use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-nodefaults</span></code> and specify
one on the command line :</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>-device<span class="w"> </span>ipmi-bmc-sim,id<span class="o">=</span>bmc0<span class="w"> </span>-device<span class="w"> </span>isa-ipmi-bt,bmc<span class="o">=</span>bmc0,irq<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">10</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The files <a class="reference external" href="http://www.kaod.org/qemu/powernv/palmetto-SDR.bin">palmetto-SDR.bin</a>
and <a class="reference external" href="http://www.kaod.org/qemu/powernv/palmetto-FRU.bin">palmetto-FRU.bin</a>
define a Sensor Data Record repository and a Field Replaceable Unit
inventory for a Palmetto BMC. They can be used to extend the QEMU BMC
simulator.</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>-device<span class="w"> </span>ipmi-bmc-sim,sdrfile<span class="o">=</span>./palmetto-SDR.bin,fruareasize<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">256</span>,frudatafile<span class="o">=</span>./palmetto-FRU.bin,id<span class="o">=</span>bmc0<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
-device<span class="w"> </span>isa-ipmi-bt,bmc<span class="o">=</span>bmc0,irq<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">10</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The PowerNV machine can also be run with an external IPMI BMC device
connected to a remote QEMU machine acting as BMC, using these options
:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>-chardev<span class="w"> </span>socket,id<span class="o">=</span>ipmi0,host<span class="o">=</span>localhost,port<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">9002</span>,reconnect<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
-device<span class="w"> </span>ipmi-bmc-extern,id<span class="o">=</span>bmc0,chardev<span class="o">=</span>ipmi0<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
-device<span class="w"> </span>isa-ipmi-bt,bmc<span class="o">=</span>bmc0,irq<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
-nodefaults
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="nvram">
<h3>NVRAM<a class="headerlink" href="#nvram" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>Use a MTD drive to add a PNOR to the machine, and get a NVRAM :</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>-drive<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">file</span><span class="o">=</span>./witherspoon.pnor,format<span class="o">=</span>raw,if<span class="o">=</span>mtd
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="maintainer-contact-information">
<h2>Maintainer contact information<a class="headerlink" href="#maintainer-contact-information" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Cédric Le Goater &lt;<a class="reference external" href="mailto:clg&#37;&#52;&#48;kaod&#46;org">clg<span>&#64;</span>kaod<span>&#46;</span>org</a>&gt;</p>
</section>
</section>
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